How Aurangzeb Died: The Final Days of the Mughal Emperor
The death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the sixth Mughal emperor, marked the end of an era in Indian history. How Aurangzeb died is a topic that fascinates historians and enthusiasts alike, as his passing signaled the beginning of the Mughal Empire’s decline. This article explores the circumstances surrounding his death, his final days, and the legacy he left behind.
Table of Contents
- Aurangzeb’s Final Years and Declining Health
- The Cause of Aurangzeb’s Death
- Aurangzeb’s Last Days: A Glimpse Into His Final Moments
- Aurangzeb’s Legacy After His Death
- Conclusion: Reflecting on Aurangzeb’s Reign and Death
Aurangzeb’s Final Years and Declining Health
By the early 1700s, Aurangzeb was in his late 80s—a remarkable age for the time. His long reign (1658–1707) had been marked by relentless military campaigns, administrative rigor, and religious orthodoxy. However, his health began deteriorating rapidly in his final years.
The Toll of Constant Warfare
Aurangzeb spent much of his later life on military campaigns, particularly in the Deccan region. The prolonged wars against the Marathas and other rebel factions exhausted both the empire’s resources and the emperor’s physical strength.
Age-Related Ailments
Historical accounts describe Aurangzeb suffering from:
- Severe arthritis and joint pain
- Digestive disorders
- General weakness and fatigue
The Cause of Aurangzeb’s Death
How Aurangzeb died is documented in various historical texts, including Mughal court records and accounts by European travelers. The consensus is that he succumbed to natural causes after a prolonged illness.
Official Records of His Death
According to Mughal chronicles:
- Aurangzeb’s health declined sharply in February 1707
- He developed high fever and severe body pains
- After three weeks of illness, he passed away on March 3, 1707
Modern Medical Perspective
While contemporary sources don’t provide a precise medical diagnosis, historians speculate he may have died from:
- Advanced age complications
- Chronic infections
- Possible cardiovascular failure
Aurangzeb’s Last Days: A Glimpse Into His Final Moments
The final days of Aurangzeb reveal much about the man who ruled India for nearly 50 years.
His Final Correspondence
Even on his deathbed, Aurangzeb remained engaged in state affairs. His last letters show:
- Concern about succession disputes among his sons
- Regret over the empire’s financial troubles
- Instructions for his modest burial
A Simple Death for a Powerful Emperor
Unlike his predecessors who built grand mausoleums, Aurangzeb requested:
- No grand monument for his grave
- Burial in a simple tomb covered with earth
- Expenses to be covered from his personal earnings (not state treasury)
Aurangzeb’s Legacy After His Death
The death of Aurangzeb marked a turning point in Indian history. His passing left:
Immediate Consequences
- A bitter war of succession among his sons
- Rapid decline of central Mughal authority
- Rise of regional powers like the Marathas
Long-Term Historical Impact
Aurangzeb’s death accelerated:
- The fragmentation of Mughal power
- Increased European colonial influence
- Fundamental changes in India’s political landscape
Conclusion: Reflecting on Aurangzeb’s Reign and Death
Understanding how Aurangzeb died provides insight into both the man and the empire he ruled. His death at age 88 after a long illness marked the end of Mughal dominance in India. While controversial in life, his austere death reflected the complex personality of this last great Mughal emperor.
Want to learn more about Mughal history? Explore our detailed articles on Mughal emperors, their reigns, and the fascinating stories behind India’s most powerful dynasty.